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Add the following to the end of the file.

Redirecting Standard Error

Instead of redirecting the standard output to a file, you can redirect the error messages to a file. This can be done by placing a 2 directly in front of the redirection angle bracket. If you are not interested in the error messages, you simply can send them to /dev/null

This shows you the location of file foo, if it exists, without those pesky permission denied error messages. I almost always invoke the find command in this way.

The number 2 represents the standard error output stream. Standard error is where most commands send their error messages. Normal (non-error) output is sent to standard output, which can be represented by the number 1. Because most redirected output is the standard output, output redirection works only on the standard output stream by default. This makes the following two commands equivalent:

$

piping the output to another command.

Adding user/group in a FreeBSD server

How do I add a user and group to the FreeBSD Server?:

The ‘pw’ command can be used to add a user and or group to the FreeBSD System. The ‘pw’ command is a program that will allow any user with superuser privileges to edit and or add users and groups on FreeBSD with ease. It also allows a way to standardize modification of adding and removing users and groups.

This would create the group ‘anewgroup’ to the machine.

Now to add a users ‘ben’ to the ‘anewgroup’ using pw, issue the following command.

This command would create the user ben, with a shell of /bin/csh and add it to the anewgroup group. The user would also have his home directory under /home/ben.

Now say, if the user needs to have the home directory on a different partition, for example /mnt/test/home issue the following command.

If the user ‘ben’ is to be added to a secondary group on the system, say a group that has been created already called ‘oldgroup’, then execute the following.

Steps to upgrade MySQL in FreeBSD

Steps to upgrade MySQL version 4 to 5 in the FreeBSD :

1. Backup the existing MySQL database.

2. Stop the MySQL service.

3.Remove the existing MySQL Server .

4. For installing the new MySQL Server, execute the following step.

5.Start MySQL 5.0 in the server and run the upgrade script.

You will be prompted for the new MySQL password where you can provide it.

Recompiling the FreeBSD kernel with PAE support

Please follow the steps to recompile the Freebsd with PAE support.